We the People: An Introduction to American Politics,9780393979282

We the People: An Introduction to American Politics

by ; ;
Edition: 4th
ISBN13: 9780393979282
ISBN10: 0393979288
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2003-03-01
Publisher(s): W W Norton & Co Inc
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Table of Contents

Preface and Acknowledgments xxxiii
Part I FOUNDATIONS
American Political Culture
2(34)
What Americans Think about Government
6(6)
Trust in Government
7(5)
Political Efficacy
12(1)
What Americans Know about Government
12(4)
Citizenship: Knowledge and Participation
14(1)
The Necessity of Political Knowledge
15(1)
Government
16(4)
Is Government Needed?
16(1)
Forms of Government
17(1)
Limiting Government
18(1)
Access to Government: The Expansion of Participation
18(1)
Influencing the Government Through Participation: Politics
19(1)
American Political Culture: Shared Values, but Disagreements over the Role of Government
20(11)
Liberty
21(1)
Equality
21(3)
Democracy
24(1)
Does the System Uphold American Political Values?
24(6)
Values and the Ends of Government
30(1)
Who Benefits from Government?
30(1)
What You Can Do: Test the Political Waters
31(1)
Summary
32(1)
For Further Reading
33(1)
Study Outline
33(1)
Practice Quiz
34(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
34(1)
Key Terms
35(1)
The Founding and the Constitution
36(44)
The First Founding: Interests and Conflicts
39(4)
British Taxes and Colonial Interests
39(2)
Political Strife and the Radicalizing of the Colonists
41(1)
The Declaration of Independence
42(1)
The Articles of Confederation
42(1)
The Second Founding: From Compromise to Constitution
43(6)
International Standing and Balance of Power
43(1)
The Annapolis Convention
44(1)
Shays's Rebellion
44(1)
The Constitutional Convention
45(4)
The Constitution
49(8)
The Legislative Branch
50(1)
The Executive Branch
51(2)
The Judicial Branch
53(1)
National Unity and Power
53(2)
Amending the Constitution
55(1)
Ratifying the Constitution
55(1)
Constitutional Limits on the National Government's Power
55(2)
The Fight for Ratification
57(9)
Federalists vs. Antifederalists
58(7)
Reflections on the Founding
65(1)
The Citizen's Role and the Changing Constitution
66(8)
Amendments: Many Are Called, Few Are Chosen
66(1)
The Case of the Equal Rights Amendment
67(1)
Which Were Chosen? An Analysis of the Twenty-Seven
68(6)
Reflections on Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
74(1)
What You Can Do: Become a Framer
75(1)
Summary
76(1)
For Further Reading
77(1)
Study Outline
77(1)
Practice Quiz
78(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
79(1)
Key Terms
79(1)
Federalism
80(38)
The Federal Framework
83(13)
Federalism in the Constitution
84(4)
Restraining National Power with Dual Federalism, 1789--1937
88(3)
Federalism and the Slow Growth of the National Government's Power
91(3)
The Changing Role of the States
94(2)
Who Does What? The Changing Federal Framework
96(14)
Expansion of the National Government
97(1)
Federal Grants
97(2)
Cooperative Federalism
99(1)
Regulated Federalism and National Standards
100(2)
New Federalism and State Control
102(2)
Devolution: For Whose Benefit?
104(6)
Federalism and American Political Values
110(2)
What You Can Do: Participate at Different Levels of the Federal System
112(1)
Summary
113(1)
For Further Reading
114(1)
Study Outline
114(1)
Practice Quiz
115(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
116(1)
Key Terms
116(2)
Civil Liberties
118(42)
A Brief History of the Bill of Rights
121(4)
Nationalizing the Bill of Rights
122(3)
The First Amendment and Freedom of Religion
125(5)
Separation Between Church and State
126(1)
Free Exercise of Religion
127(3)
The First Amendment and Freedom of Speech and the Press
130(8)
Absolutely Protected Speech
130(3)
Freedom of the Press
133(1)
Conditionally Protected Speech
133(5)
The Second Amendment and the Right to Bear Arms
138(1)
Rights of the Criminally Accused
139(11)
The Fourth Amendment and Searches and Seizures
140(2)
The Fifth Amendment
142(4)
The Sixth Amendment and the Right to Counsel
146(1)
The Eighth Amendment and Cruel and Unusual Punishment
146(4)
The Right to Privacy
150(2)
The Future of Civil Liberties
152(1)
What You Can Do: Defend Liberty
153(3)
Summary
156(1)
For Further Reading
157(1)
Study Outline
157(1)
Practice Quiz
158(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
159(1)
Key Terms
159(1)
Civil Rights
160(48)
The Struggle for Civil Rights
163(18)
Slavery and the Abolitionist Movement
163(1)
The Link to the Women's Rights Movement
164(1)
The Civil War Amendments to the Constitution
164(1)
Civil Rights and the Supreme Court: ``Separate but Equal''
165(1)
Organizing for Equality
166(1)
Litigating for Equality After World War II
167(2)
Civil Rights After Brown v. Board of Education
169(4)
The Civil Rights Acts
173(8)
The Universalization of Civil Rights
181(10)
Women and Gender Discrimination
181(5)
Latinos and Asian Americans
186(3)
Native Americans
189(1)
Disabled Americans
190(1)
The Aged
190(1)
Gays and Lesbians
190(1)
Affirmative Action
191(10)
The Supreme Court and the Burden of Proof
193(3)
Referendums on Affirmative Action
196(1)
Affirmative Action and American Political Values
196(5)
What You Can Do: Mobilize for Civil Rights
201(2)
Summary
203(1)
For Further Reading
203(1)
Study Outline
204(1)
Practice Quiz
204(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
205(1)
Key Terms
205(3)
Part II POLITICS
Public Opinion
208(42)
Political Values
212(17)
Fundamental Values
212(2)
Forms of Disagreement
214(5)
How Political Values Are Formed
219(1)
Influences on Our Political Values
220(5)
From Political Values to Ideology
225(4)
How We Form Political Opinions
229(8)
Political Knowledge
230(1)
The Influence of Political Leaders, Private Groups, and the Media
231(6)
Measuring Public Opinion
237(6)
Constructing Public Opinion from Surveys
237(1)
Problems with Polling
238(5)
Public Opinion and Democracy
243(3)
What You Can Do: Become Politically Knowledgeable
246(1)
Summary
247(1)
For Further Reading
247(1)
Study Outline
248(1)
Practice Quiz
248(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
249(1)
Key Terms
249(1)
The Media
250(32)
The Media Industry and Government
252(10)
Types of Media
252(3)
Regulation of the Broadcast Media
255(1)
Organization and Ownership of the Media
256(5)
Nationalization of the News
261(1)
News Coverage
262(5)
Journalists
263(1)
Subjects of the News
264(1)
The Power of Consumers
265(2)
Media Power in American Politics
267(9)
Shaping Events
267(1)
The Sources of Media Power
267(7)
The Rise of Adversarial Journalism
274(2)
Media Power and Democracy
276(2)
What You Can Do: Analyze News Sources
278(1)
Summary
279(1)
For Further Reading
279(1)
Study Outline
280(1)
Practice Quiz
280(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
281(1)
Key Terms
281(1)
Political Participation and Voting
282(38)
Political Participation
284(10)
Forms of Participation
284(4)
Voting
288(6)
Who Participates, and How?
294(7)
African Americans
294(1)
Latinos
295(1)
Asian Americans
296(1)
Women vs. Men
296(2)
Religious Identity and Politics
298(2)
Age and Participation
300(1)
Explaining Political Participation
301(12)
Socioeconomic Status
302(1)
Civic Engagement
302(4)
Formal Obstacles
306(4)
Political Mobilization
310(3)
Participation and American Political Values
313(1)
What You Can Do: Become a Voter
314(2)
Summary
316(1)
For Further Reading
316(1)
Study Outline
317(1)
Practice Quiz
317(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
318(1)
Key Terms
318(2)
Political Parties
320(44)
What Are Political Parties?
322(2)
Outgrowths of the Electoral Process
323(1)
Outgrowths of the Policy-Making Process
323(1)
The Two-Party System in America
324(13)
Historical Origins
324(7)
Electoral Alignments and Realignments
331(2)
American Third Parties
333(4)
Party Organization
337(8)
National Convention
337(4)
National Committee
341(3)
Congressional Campaign Committees
344(1)
State and Local Party Organizations
344(1)
Parties and the Electorate
345(3)
Group Affiliations
345(3)
Parties and Elections
348(3)
Recruiting Candidates
348(2)
Nominations
350(1)
Getting Out the Vote
350(1)
Facilitating Voter Choice
351(1)
Parties and Government
351(3)
Parties and Policy
351(1)
Parties in Congress
352(1)
President and Party
353(1)
The Role of Parties in a Democracy
354(4)
What You Can Do: Become a Party Activist
358(1)
Summary
359(1)
For Further Reading
360(1)
Study Outline
360(1)
Practice Quiz
361(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
362(1)
Key Terms
362(2)
Campaigns and Elections
364(50)
Elections in America
367(10)
Types of Elections
367(1)
The Criteria for Winning
368(2)
Electoral Districts
370(2)
The Ballot
372(4)
The Electoral College
376(1)
Election Campaigns
377(4)
Advisers
378(1)
Polling
379(1)
The Primaries
380(1)
Presidential Elections
381(10)
The Convention
383(3)
The General Election Campaign and High-Tech Politics
386(4)
From Labor-Intensive to Capital-Intensive Politics
390(1)
The 2000 Elections
391(7)
The 2002 Elections: A Referendum on Presidential Leadership
396(2)
Money and Politics
398(7)
Sources of Campaign Funds
399(4)
Campaign Finance Reform
403(1)
Implications for Democracy
404(1)
The Electoral Process and American Political Values
405(1)
How Voters Decide
405(4)
Partisan Loyalty
405(1)
Issues
406(2)
Candidate Characteristics
408(1)
What You Can Do: Campaign on Campus
409(1)
Summary
410(1)
For Further Reading
411(1)
Study Outline
411(1)
Practice Quiz
412(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
413(1)
Key Terms
413(1)
Groups and Interests
414(40)
The Character of Interest Groups
417(8)
What Interests Are Represented?
419(1)
What Interests Are Not Represented?
420(1)
Organizational Components
420(4)
The Characteristics of Members
424(1)
The Proliferation of Groups
425(3)
The Expansion of Government
426(1)
The New Politics Movement and Public Interest Groups
427(1)
Strategies: The Quest for Political Power
428(14)
Lobbying
428(3)
Gaining Access
431(4)
Using the Courts (Litigation)
435(1)
Going Public
436(2)
Using Electoral Politics
438(4)
Groups and Interests: Who Benefits?
442(2)
What You Can Do: Join an Interest Group
444(5)
Summary
449(1)
For Further Reading
450(1)
Study Outline
450(1)
Practice Quiz
451(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
451(1)
Key Terms
452(2)
Part III INSTITUTIONS
Congress
454(52)
Congress: Representing the American People
458(11)
House and Senate: Differences in Representation
458(1)
Sociological vs. Agency Representation
459(4)
The Electoral Connection
463(4)
Direct Patronage
467(2)
The Organization of Congress
469(7)
Party Leadership in the House and Senate
469(3)
The Committee System: The Core of Congress
472(2)
The Staff System: Staffers and Agencies
474(2)
Informal Organization: The Caucuses
476(1)
Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law
476(4)
Committee Deliberation
476(2)
Debate
478(1)
Conference Committee: Reconciling House and Senate Versions of Legislation
479(1)
Presidential Action
480(1)
How Congress Decides
480(11)
Constituency
480(3)
Interest Groups
483(1)
Party Discipline
484(7)
Weighing Diverse Influences
491(1)
Beyond Legislation: Other Congressional Powers
491(3)
Oversight
491(1)
Advice and Consent: Special Senate Powers
492(2)
Impeachment
494(1)
Congress and Democracy
494(5)
What You Can Do: Make Contact with Congress
499(1)
Summary
500(1)
For Further Reading
501(1)
Study Outline
502(1)
Practice Quiz
503(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
504(1)
Key Terms
504(2)
The Presidency
506(40)
The Constitutional Basis of the Presidency
509(3)
The Framers' View
509(1)
Congressional Delegation of Power
510(1)
Presidential Selection
511(1)
The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency
512(11)
The President as Head of State: Some Imperial Qualities
512(5)
The Domestic Presidency: The President as Head of Government
517(6)
Institutional Resources of Presidential Power
523(7)
Patronage as a Tool of Management
523(2)
The Cabinet
525(1)
The White House Staff
526(1)
The Executive Office of the President
527(1)
The Vice Presidency
528(1)
The First Lady
529(1)
Political Resources of Presidential Power
530(8)
Elections as a Resource
531(1)
Party as a Presidential Resource
531(2)
Groups as a Presidential Resource
533(1)
Presidential Use of the Media
533(2)
Public Opinion
535(1)
Mass Popularity as a Resource (and a Liability)
535(3)
The Presidency and Democracy
538(2)
A Presidential Constituency: Citizens and the President
538(2)
What You Can Do: Work in the White House
540(1)
Summary
541(1)
For Further Reading
542(1)
Study Outline
542(1)
Practice Quiz
543(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
543(1)
Key Terms
544(2)
Bureaucracy in a Democracy
546(46)
Bureaucracy and Bureaucrats
549(6)
The Size of the Federal Service
550(3)
Bureaucrats
553(2)
The Organization of the Executive Branch
555(20)
Promoting the Public Welfare
557(5)
Providing National Security
562(11)
Maintaining a Strong Economy
573(2)
Can Bureaucracy Be Reinvented?
575(2)
Can the Bureaucracy Be Reduced?
577(4)
Termination
577(2)
Devolution
579(1)
Privatization
580(1)
Can Bureaucracy Be Controlled?
581(6)
The President as Chief Executive
581(4)
Congress and Responsible Bureaucracy
585(2)
What You Can Do: Get Inside the Bureaucracy
587(1)
Summary
588(1)
For Further Reading
588(1)
Study Outline
589(1)
Practice Quiz
589(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
590(1)
Key Terms
590(2)
The Federal Courts
592(44)
The Legal System
594(4)
Cases and the Law
595(1)
Types of Courts
596(2)
Federal Jurisdiction
598(6)
The Lower Federal Courts
598(1)
The Appellate Courts
599(1)
The Supreme Court
599(1)
How Judges Are Appointed
600(4)
The Power of the Supreme Court: Judicial Review
604(21)
Judicial Review of Acts of Congress
604(1)
Judicial Review of State Actions
605(2)
Judicial Review and Lawmaking
607(3)
How Cases Reach the Supreme Court
610(2)
Controlling the Flow of Cases
612(2)
Lobbying for Access: Interests and the Court
614(1)
The Supreme Court's Procedures
615(4)
Explaining Supreme Court Decisions
619(6)
Judicial Power and Politics
625(4)
Traditional Limitations on the Federal Courts
625(1)
Two Judicial Revolutions
626(2)
The Judiciary: Liberty and Democracy
628(1)
What You Can Do: File Amicus Curiae Briefs
629(1)
Summary
630(1)
For Further Reading
631(1)
Study Outline
632(1)
Practice Quiz
633(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
633(1)
Key Terms
634(2)
Part IV POLICY
Government and the Economy
636(48)
Why Is Government Involved in the Economy?
639(5)
Managing the Economy
640(1)
Protecting the Welfare and Property of Individuals
641(1)
Regulating Competition
641(3)
Providing Public Goods
644(1)
Should Government Be Involved in the Economy?
644(3)
Laissez-Faire
645(1)
Keynesians
645(1)
Monetarists
646(1)
What Are the Goals of Economic Policy?
647(11)
Promote a Strong and Stable Economy
647(4)
Promote Business Development
651(2)
Promote International Trade
653(2)
Regulate Industrial Relations
655(1)
Protect the Environment
656(1)
Protect Consumers
657(1)
What Are the Tools of Economic Policy?
658(15)
Monetary Policies
659(2)
Fiscal Policies
661(5)
Regulation and Antitrust Policy
666(6)
Subsidies and Contracting
672(1)
The Politics of Economic Policy Making
673(4)
Economic Policy and the Public Interest
675(2)
What You Can Do: Assess the Impact of Economic Policies
677(1)
Summary
678(1)
For Further Reading
679(1)
Study Outline
680(1)
Practice Quiz
681(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
682(1)
Key Terms
682(2)
Social Policy
684(40)
The Welfare State
687(12)
The History of the Social Welfare System
687(2)
Foundations of the Welfare State
689(5)
Welfare Reform
694(2)
How Do We Pay for the Welfare State?
696(3)
Opening Opportunity
699(10)
Education Policies
699(4)
Employment and Training Programs
703(3)
Health Policies
706(3)
Housing Policies
709(1)
Who Gets What from Social Policy?
709(7)
The Elderly
710(1)
The Middle Class
711(1)
The Working Poor
711(2)
The Nonworking Poor
713(1)
Minorities, Women, and Children
714(2)
The Welfare State and American Values
716(3)
What You Can Do: Question Social Policy
719(1)
Summary
720(1)
For Further Reading
721(1)
Study Outline
721(1)
Practice Quiz
722(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
723(1)
Key Terms
723(1)
Foreign Policy and Democracy
724
The Players: The Makers and Shapers of Foreign Policy
727(7)
Who Makes Foreign Policy?
727(5)
Who Shapes Foreign Policy?
732(2)
Putting It Together
734(1)
The Values in American Foreign Policy
734(4)
Legacies of the Traditional System
735(2)
The Great Leap to World Power
737(1)
The Instruments of Modern American Foreign Policy
738(17)
Diplomacy
739(2)
The United Nations
741(3)
The International Monetary Structure
744(1)
Economic Aid
745(2)
Collective Security
747(2)
Military Deterrence
749(6)
Roles Nations Play
755(9)
Choosing a Role
755(1)
Foreign Policy Values for America Today
756(8)
What You Can Do: Voice Your Views to Congress
764(1)
Summary
765(2)
For Further Reading
767(1)
Study Outline
767(1)
Practice Quiz
768(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
768(1)
Key Terms
769
APPENDIX
1(28)
The Declaration of Independence
3(3)
The Articles of Confederation
6(4)
The Constitution of the United States of America
10(6)
Amendments to the Constitution
16(5)
The Federalist Papers
21(5)
Presidents and Vice Presidents
26(3)
Glossary 29(12)
Endnotes 41(20)
Illustration Credits 61(1)
Answer Key 62(2)
Index 64

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